Abstract
This article deals with the dynamic analysis of cam mechanism using MSC Adams. In the first part of this paper is solving the dynamic analysis by using the method of reducing weight and forces value on a moving member of the lifter. The mathematical model of the lifter was designed by using this method of dynamic analysis. The second part deals with the dynamic analysis in the program MSC Adams. The dynamic analysis is important in terms usability of cam mechanism, because of not every shape and characteristics of that cam meets the specific mechanism.
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Keywords: cam mechanism, dynamic analysis, velocity, acceleration
American Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2013 1 (7), pp 266-270.
DOI: 10.12691/ajme-1-7-23
DOI: 10.12691/ajme-1-7-23
Received October 10, 2013; Revised October 20, 2013; Accepted November 21, 2013
Copyright © 2013 Science and Education Publishing. All Rights Reserved. Cite this article:
- Delyová, Ingrid, et al. 'The Dynamic Analysis of Cam Mechanism.' American Journal of Mechanical Engineering 1.7 (2013): 266-270.
- Delyová, I. , Hroncová, D. , Sivák, P. , & Beliško, M. (2013). The Dynamic Analysis of Cam Mechanism. American Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 1(7), 266-270.
- Delyová, Ingrid, Darina Hroncová, Peter Sivák, and Martin Beliško. 'The Dynamic Analysis of Cam Mechanism.' American Journal of Mechanical Engineering 1, no. 7 (2013): 266-270.
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1. Introduction
The continuous improvement of automotive industry or general engineering was associated with continuous improvements of mechanisms which generating functional units of drive motor for instance. In this evolution the mechanisms which uses circular or non-circular cams was not any exception neither. The cam mechanisms have been used for a long time until today and are included as an integral part of combustion engines. They are encountered in installations where comes transformation of rotary movement to movement of shifting in practice. The advantage of cam mechanisms is their simplicity and high functionality. The dynamic analysis of the mechanism with a circular cam is the aim of this work. This analysis is necessary when dealing with design of a cam mechanism it to achieve the best result which means to achieve desired properties when is used the smallest amount of material, for instance.
Model of the mathematical cam was developed by using methods of analytical dynamics. In the second part of the dynamic analysis and sizing dimensions mechanism is solution solved by program MSC Adams. Programs such as MSC Adams can facilitate dynamic analysis of various complex mechanisms which simplify and velocity up the analysis results. To the desired results solutions leads correctly preparation of dimensional model in a computer program simulation of MSC. That program allows you to evaluate the results in graphical and numerical form. It can determine kinematics quantities such as: distance, velocity, acceleration, and other physical quantities. The dynamic analysis is important in terms usability of the cam mechanism, because of not every shape and the characteristics of that cam meets the specific mechanism.
2. Creation of Movement Equation of Cam Mechanism
By the method of reducing weight and power values on a moving member which is lifter, were created movement equation of cam mechanism shown in the Figure 1. This is not only one method of analysis of dynamics which is so difficult; there are also others where solution of movement equation of cam mechanism is not so easy and demanding. Therefore, the use of the program MSC Adams is very advantageous. In view of the above-mentioned difficulty solving the equations of motion prepared by the method of reducing power and weight values applied to a member of lifting cam mechanism. Due to the transformation from movement of drive member to the driven rotary member with a sliding motion is interesting precisely movement of lifter. The driving torque M2 is driven with a circular cam mechanism with a flat lifter. Lifting device is pressed against to cam with spring of stiffness k and there operates force external F. The considering of known geometric - weight variables: e, r, h, f0, I2A, m2, m3, M2, k, F, α, [6].
The dynamic equation of motion of the reduced system onto moved member of the executing motion is defined by mred.a=Fred[1, 2]. It is obvious that we need to derived mred and Fred. In our case where we are looking for the equation of motion member 3 by reduction system on a moving member must be established q=y. Where the reduced materiality can be determined from the conditions [6]
(1) |
where is:
m*(q): generalized materiality of system,
mi: the materiality of the member i of executing displacement motion system,
vi: his velocity,
Ij: the moment of inertia of the member j of the system executing rotational movement to the axis of rotation,
ωj: the size of angular velocity of the member j,
mk: the weight of the member k of the system executing the general plane motion,
vTk: the size of the velocity of gravity of the member k,
ITk: the moment of inertia of the member k of the axis of rotation passing through the center of gravity,
ωk: the angular velocity of the member k.
Figure 1. The cam mechanism
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For a system with a constant ratio is m*=konst. and the motion equation is simplified to the form:
(2) |
The reduced materiality can be determined from the conditions in our case:
(3) |
After the correct adjustments it can get:
(4) |
(5) |
(6) |
where is after the adjustments for reduced materiality and force considering the relationship between the geometric and kinematical variables as:
(7) |
(8) |
(9) |
(10) |
(11) |
Reduced power we can determine from the equality of virtual powers:
(12) |
After substituting the relations between geometric and kinematical variables and then after the correct modification it gets:
(13) |
(14) |
Because of it is a mechanism of variable ratio - and the motion equation has the form:
(15) |
Where is:
(16) |
(17) |
Considering a is the resulting equation of third member following:
(18) |
That final equation of motion can be processed by using a mathematical program Matlab and Simulink.
3. Analyses Using MSC Adams Program
Figure 2. The cam mechanism model in MSC Adams/View
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Figure3. The cam mechanism – spatial view
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With MSC Adams software users can produce virtual prototypes to simulate complex mechanical systems and quickly analyze multiple design variations until an optimal design is achieved. MSC Adams is one of many computer programs for modeling and simulating multi body systems. In programs a virtual prototype of a mechanism show in Figure 2 and Figure 3 can be built and then simulated.
If the results, a certain movement or load transmission are not satisfy, the prototype can easily be modified and then simulated again.
Adams is the world’s most widely used multi-body dynamics simulation software. It lets you build and test virtual prototypes, realistically simulating on your computer, both visually and mathematically, the full–motion behavior of your complex mechanical system designs as shown in the Figure 4.
Figure4. The joints of the cam mechanism
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The software checks your model and automatically formulates and solves the equations of motion for kinematical, static, quasi-static, or dynamic simulations [4]. It is also an appropriate tool for the development of miniature mechatronic elements as well as the examination of complex systems.
Figure5. The translational displacement of the follower
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Figure6. The translational velocity of the follower
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Figure7. The translational acceleration of the follower
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After fabrication model in MSC Adams/View shown in Figure 2 we could try to simulate the movement of the cam mechanism and to determine the physical properties of our selected third member, lifter in our case. The Post Processor processes the results of the solution. We have chosen necessary interested variables such as path, velocity and acceleration. The next step was to choose the correct folder where variables are investigated. Graphs of the path, velocity and acceleration using the MSC Adams program are shown on Figure 5, Figure 6 and Figure 7 [5, 6].
The Postprocessor provides complete value at certain time intervals and of course the specific waveforms from which can be read values. We have chosen the TIME and y-DATA of required physical variables in Database window-Navigator (Figure 9) [3].
The last step of dynamic analysis of cam mechanism was to find out some forces which operate in spring and also in pin labeled as a point A when is the cam mechanisms in motion. The size and the course of force of spring and also the course of force of pin are shown in Figure 10 and Figure 11 [4].
Figure8. The postprocesor window with the animation model in certain position
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Figure9. Database Navigator
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Figure10. The result parameters of the force spring in cam mechanism with dependence of the time
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Figure11. The result parameters of the spring deformation in cam mechanism with dependence of the time
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Figure12. The result parameters of the translational displacement of the member No.3 cam mechanism with dependence of the time
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Figure13. The result parameters of the translational velocity of the member No.3 cam mechanism with dependence of the time
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4. Conclusion
The evaluation of the results, especially the specific values of the displacement, velocity and acceleration the lifter is so difficult without additional equipment, which together with the cam mechanism consists of a functional unit complex. It's caused because the value of the displacement, velocity and acceleration are known at each time of the lifter, but we don't know if these values are satisfactory. If is the size of lift created by this mechanism is sufficient to ensure the proper function of the made whole, for instance. The designed cam mechanism could be used in practice, for example in agricultural machineries or everywhere where is needed to change move while the output parameters of the cam mechanisms are simultaneously suitable. The graphical course of displacement, velocity and acceleration is suggested to show us the correct function of cam mechanism. One of the advantages of the cam mechanism is his simplicity against that complex shaped cam mechanism in which the production is considerably difficult.
Acknowledgement
This work was supported by the Ministry of Education of the Slovakia Foundation under Grant VEGA No. 1/0289/11, VEGA No. 1/1205/12 and VEGA No. 1/0937/12 and APVV-0091-11.
References
[1] | Frankovský, Peter; Delyová, Ingrid; Hroncová, Darina; “Kinematic analysis of movement of a point of a simple mechanism”4th International Conference Modelling of mechanicaland mechatronics systems, KAMaM, Technical university Košice, Herľany, 2011, Slovakia, s.53-58. | ||
In article | |||
[2] | Frankovský, Peter; Delyová, Ingrid; Hroncová, Darina;. “Dynamická analýza modelu mechanického systému v simulačnom prostredí MATLABSimMechanics”.In: ATP Journal plus. Č. 1, 2012, s. 6-9. | ||
In article | |||
[3] | Hroncová, Darina; Binda, Michal; Šarga, Patrik; Kičák, František; “Kinematical Analysis of Crank Slider Mechanism Using MSC AdamsView”, In: Procedia Engineering : MMaMS 2012: Modelling of Mechanical and Mechatronics Systems 2012: November 6th-8th 2012, Zemplínska Šírava, Slovakia. - Košice : TU, 2012 Vol. 48, p. 213-222. | ||
In article | |||
[4] | http://www.mscsoftware.com/product/adams | ||
In article | |||
[5] | Bocko, Jozef; Frankovský, Peter; Delyová, Ingrid; PÁSTOR, Miroslav; Kinematika v príkladoch, SjF TU v Košiciach, 2011. | ||
In article | |||
[6] | Záhorec, Ondrej, Caban, Slavomír: Aplikovaná mechanika. Košice: TUKE, 1992. 456 s. | ||
In article |
Finding the best microphone for streaming, podcasting, and gaming depends on what you want it to do. Will you be getting stuck into YouTube voiceover or Twitch? Are you going to be trying out interviews instead? Some mics are better than others at certain tasks, so knowing what you want from it will help narrow down your search. We’ve gathered our favorites here, as well as a few good deals to get you started (which we’re sure to see more of in the coming weeks thanks to Amazon Prime Day, by the way).
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Once you've found the right microphone, grab a capture card to complete your streaming setup.
Once you've found the right microphone, grab a capture card to complete your streaming setup.
Regardless of what you need it for, we’d argue that the best microphone for streaming, gaming, and podcasting is USB-powered. Because they’re user-friendly and affordable (particularly with those Amazon Prime Day PC deals we mentioned), we think they are ideal for beginners and veterans. Just keep an eye on its polar pattern. This will dictate where your mic picks up sound. The common patterns to be aware of are:
- Cardioid: Captures sound directly in front of the mic. For voice-over, streaming, or music.
- Bidirectional: Records in front of and behind the mic. Perfect for interviews.
- Omnidirectional: Draws audio from every direction. For multi-guest podcasts.
Although the majority of microphones use just one polar pattern, others utilise a couple to give you more flexible. That’s pretty handy.
Want to complete your streaming setup? Don’t miss the best webcams for PC.
1. Samson G-Track Pro
Specs: Voltage: 100 | Polar patterns: Cardioid, Bidirectional, Omnidirectional | Connectivity: USB | Frequency response: 50Hz-20,000Hz | Features: Dual track recording, instrument input, zero-latency monitoring, gain, mute, and headphone volume controls
Excellent sound quality
Doubles as an audio interface
Although the USB microphone market is crowded, Samson's G-Track Pro outpaces its competition. A side-address condenser mic with multiple polar patterns, a very low noise floor, sturdy build, and exceptional sound quality, this is a superb choice for anyone wanting to get into streaming, podcasting, or music. In fact, we'd say it's our favorite USB microphone to date; it outperforms almost everything else on this list. As observed by our own Alan Bradley in his review, this is a 'strong new competitor for desktop mics and could even replace higher priced studio microphones for home audio recording. At around $100, it's impossible to find a better value'.
2. Blue Yeti Nano
The best microphone for beginners.
Specs: Power: 5V | Polar patterns: Cardioid, Omnidirectional | Connectivity: USB | Frequency response: 20Hz-20kHz | Features: 48kHz sample rate, zero-latency monitoring, mute & headphone volume controls
Easy to use
Not as many polar patterns as old Yeti
This miniature version of the classic Blue Yeti is perfect for those just starting out with streaming, recording, or podcasting; it has great sound-quality for a product under $100, while its diminutive size and lightweight metal build make it easy to transport (this is at least 40 percent smaller than its cousin).
The difference its 24bit / 48khz recording sample rates make is noticeable, too; putting audio from the Nano and original Yeti side by side reveals that the former is superior by quite a margin. It’s only got two polar patterns, sure (cardioid and omnidirectional), but the Yeti Nano more than makes up for it with everything else.
3. Blue Yeti USB microphone
Specs: Power: 5V | Polar patterns: Cardioid, Bidirectional, Omnidirectional, Stereo | Connectivity: USB | Frequency response: 20Hz-20,000Hz | Features: four color choices, zero-latency monitoring, gain, mute & headphone volume controls
Fantastic audio quality
Multiple polar patterns
Will pick up keyboard and mouse clicks
The quintessential microphone for streaming and amateur recording, the Yeti more than earns its success. Affordable, versatile, and easy to set up, this has become something of a gold standard by which every other mic is judged. That’s because the Yeti excels in almost every way. It has clear, high-quality audio. Straightforward controls ensure that it’s easy to adjust in the heat of the moment. A streamlined, sturdy design makes it likely to survive a fall/bump/nuclear apocalypse. Four polar patterns mean it’s adaptable. In other words, this is the microphone you want.
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Best Dynamic Cam Settings Wow Guide
Even though the foam padding doesn’t do much to soften desk vibrations (and yes, there are competitors with better sound on offer), nothing can beat the Yeti for price or versatility.
4. AntLion ModMic
Specs: Power: 10V | Polar patterns: Unidirectional | Connectivity: 3.5mm, USB (adapter) | Frequency response: 100Hz-10,000Hz | Features: modular and toggle mute switches, adhesive pads, carrying case, 1m and 2m cables
Very convenient to use
Not as good as a standing mic
Some of you out there might have a desk that’s… well, let’s just call it cluttered. Making room for a standing microphone without it being in an inconvenient spot may not be possible. That’s where attachable mics enter the picture, and the AntLion ModMic is the best one we’ve used. It sticks on to the side of your headphones like a built-in headset mic, but its audio quality is significantly better. Its magnetic attachment also makes it incredibly easy to setup.
Most small headset mics like the ModMic don’t have very clear audio fidelity, but that’s because they usually come attached to a pair of headphones. The sound of the headphones is prioritized over the quality of the microphone, but the ModMic doesn’t have this problem. It was designed to be a good mic and nothing else. And, as a result, it’s a really good mic. It still doesn’t sound as good as a standing mic like the Blue Yeti, but it probably sounds better than any other mic you’d find attached to a pair of headphones.
5. Razer Seiren X
Compact and portable
Specs: Power: 5V | Polar patterns: Super-Cardioid | Connectivity: USB | Frequency response: 20Hz-20,000Hz | Features: built-in shock mount, mute button, zero-latency 3.5 mm headphone monitoring port
Portable
Just one polar pattern
50 percent smaller than the original Seiren mic design and packing just as much audio quality, the Seiren X is designed with portability in mind. It stands on your desk like a can of soda, such are its unassuming dimensions. The built-in shock mount works well to absorb unwanted spikes from desk kicks and the like, while a single volume control and mute button make up the only controls so that the Seiren X can retain its slick aesthetic.
There are a couple of minor downsides, inevitably. Like the Blue Yeti we found that this mic picks up a noticeable amount of ambient noise like the dreaded mechanical keyboard clatter. It’s not so much as to prevent it from being a feasible streaming mic, but we’d hoped for better noise-cancelling from Razer given their trumpeted super-cardioid polar pattern. Still, the fundamental recording quality is there, as is the quality of finish.
6. Rode NT USB
Taking the hobby further
Specs: Power: 5V | Polar patterns: Cardioid | Connectivity: USB | Frequency response: 20Hz-20kHz | Features: Side-address, on-mic mix control, pop shield, tripod, zero-latency stereo headphone monitoring
Fantastic audio
Free pop filter
Unsteady tripod
Rode’s NT USB screams ‘professional’. Mimicking the look of studio microphones while maintaining a reasonable cost, this is a good choice for users who want to take their hobby further. Its sound quality goes above and beyond the competition (Blue’s Yeti, for instance), and the inclusion of a free pop shield is greatly appreciated. It may only have one polar pattern--cardioid--and a few odd design choices like smooth knobs, but this remains a brilliant option for those who want to specialise in voiceover and streaming. As mentioned in our review, 'NT-USB claims to offer “studio-quality sound” without studio-quality prices.. and the developers might just have managed it.'
7. Focusrite Scarlett CM25 MkII
Specs: Power: 5V | Polar patterns: Cardioid | Connectivity: XLR, audio jack | Frequency response: 20Hz-20,000Hz | Features: mic stand adapter, cable included
Versatile
No mount provided
A bit of a curveball, but one well worth checking out if gaming, streaming and music production overlap on the Venn diagram of your interests. The Scarlett CM25 Mk II’s large diaphragm cardioid design make it great at picking up both soft and loud speech, so when you’re instinctively whispering from your PUBG hidey-hole and then shrieking in terror when an enemy closes in, it’s got your back. In general, sound quality’s up there with the best in this list.
However, this isn’t a bespoke ‘gaming’ mic and thus doesn’t feature an easy USB or 3.5mm connection. You’ll need to run this through a preamp via XLR to get it working, and while that might be a bridge too far for some, Focusrite does sell a Scarlett Studio bundle including the mic, headphones, and audio interface for under $200. That’s tempting for any budding music producer or podcaster who’s also serious about gaming and streaming broadcast quality.
8. Zalman ZM-Mic1
Good sound quality at a super-budget price
Specs: Power: 2V | Polar patterns: Cardioid | Connectivity: 3.5mm | Frequency response: 100Hz-16,000Hz | Features: three mini-clips, lightweight, low power requirement
Ridiculously cheap
A touch quiet
The ZM-Mic1 doesn’t have top-of-the-line fidelity, but we’re willing to bet it’s significantly better than whatever you’re using now with your gaming headset. This mic’s so impressive for its price that it demanded attention on this list.
Just to be clear, there are a lot of mics with better audio quality than the ZM-Mic1. It can be rather quiet and is prone to picking up background noise, but in the right environment and with the right volume setting, the actual voice quality is impressive. There’s none of the static from breathing or loud ‘S’s that you might get from a typical headset-mounted mic. It's nowhere near studio quality, but you could use this mic for a podcast and it would only sound out of place if compared side-by-side with a better option. It’s not an amazing microphone, but it is amazing considering the cost.
How we test microphones
It’s important to understand that gamers have different standards and needs for a microphone than the hardcore audiophiles among us. So much of what we use our mics for means the sound is going to be compressed and pumped through the internet anyway, so you hit a point of diminishing returns much more quickly than if you were recording in a studio. Although fidelity is important, there’s a lot more to a great gaming and livestreaming microphone. Here are the criteria we judged our microphones by:
Recording quality
I say that audio quality isn’t everything, but it’s still the most important factor when testing a microphone. The point is, after all, to find a mic that makes you sound good. We tested the microphones in multiple setups and with different mic settings, although we primarily tested them with the “cardioid” recording pattern when available. This pattern is intended to record only what’s in front of the mic and is the setting you will be using 99% of the time when gaming and livestreaming. How much a mic picks up background noise or keyboard clicks is also necessary to be aware of.
Adaptability
Everyone’s desk and setup requirements are different, so it’s important that a mic will perform well under a handful of different scenarios. If a microphone sounds better than all the rest combined but only when it’s on a suspended mic stand with a shock mount, positioned precisely six inches away from your mouth, it’s a hard option to recommend. You need a mic that sounds great under any circumstance, and can adapt to however you need to use it so you can play your games comfortably and still sound great.
Form factor
This isn’t a fashion show, but form factor is still something that matters. In the case of a standing mic, you’ll be staring at it every time you are sitting at your desk—and attachable mics need to make sure they aren’t too distracting. A mic’s form factor can also play a role in how adaptable it is, as you’ll need to make space for it. We used every mic in multiple settings with different PCs, keyboards, and monitors, getting a feel for how they looked and performed in each environment. As a streamer, your mic will also be in view for your audience, so its appearance is relevant.
Price
And of course, PC gamers will always try to get the best they can for less. It’s easy to get lost in the deep dark woods that is the world of audio, and even easier to spend a ludicrous amount of time and money getting the best possible setup. But we don’t need studio-ready equipment, so price is an important factor when looking at how good a certain mic is. You can keep working your way up the food chain, finding better and better quality at a higher and higher price, so made sure to keep it in a gamer’s budget. Price is also key in comparing what one option can offer over another.
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'World of Warcraft' is a highly customizable game, allowing you to change many features such as the interface used to play or the angle of your camera. Whether you want to adjust the camera angle for screenshots or to get a better look at your enemies to dodge attacks, you can do this using a combination of the keyboard and mouse. 'World of Warcraft' allows you to not only zoom the camera in or out, but also manually adjust the camera using the mouse to create your own angle.
Dynamic Cam Wow 8.0
Step 1
Press either the 'End' key on your keyboard or scroll the mouse wheel down to zoom the camera out.
Step 2
Press the 'Home' key on your keyboard or scroll the mouse wheel up to zoom the camera in.
Step 3
Click and hold the left mouse button to move the camera in the direction of the mouse without moving your character. This method of changing the camera angle is ideal for screenshots.
Click and hold the right mouse button to move the camera in the direction of the mouse. When you use the right mouse button, the character will turn to face the direction you are moving the camera.
Tips
- You can change the controls for the camera at any time by pressing 'Esc' on your keyboard to enter the Options menu, then clicking 'Key Bindings' and scrolling down to the Camera Functions section.
- If you encounter any difficulties with setting the camera to the proper angle, often logging out of the game and logging back in will fix the problem.
Warning
- Information in this article applies to 'World of Warcraft' version 5.0.5. It may vary slightly or significantly with other versions of the software.
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